Interoperability in civic tech
When systems connect, trust and dignity follow
In civic tech, interoperability is the ability of different systems, technologies, and organizations to work together seamlessly. It goes beyond simply exchanging data—it’s about ensuring that information, tools, and processes are compatible, accessible, and usable across boundaries.
This illustration shows a person seated in the middle of a data center, working on a document. Orange and blue streams flow across the floor, visually connecting the surrounding servers. The image symbolizes interoperability: separate systems and data streams working together in coordinated, human-centered ways.
People may also hear interoperability described as system compatibility, data exchange, systems integration, or cross-platform functionality. While not perfect substitutes, each points toward the same idea: making sure tools and systems can work together without barriers.
Why it matters
Public services rarely exist in isolation. A family applying for food assistance may also need healthcare, housing, or education support. A veteran navigating federal benefits may also depend on local workforce programs. When the systems behind these services can “talk” to one another, people receive faster, more coordinated, and less frustrating support. When they don’t, the burden falls on residents to carry paperwork, repeat their story, or manage disconnected digital accounts.
In practice
Federal government: Agencies are increasingly investing in interoperable data standards—such as in healthcare records—to improve continuity of care and reduce duplication.
State and local governments: Cities and states often face legacy systems that don’t integrate, leaving residents caught between siloed services. Efforts to modernize unemployment insurance or benefits systems show both the promise and difficulty of achieving interoperability.
Tribal governments: Interoperability carries additional weight where sovereignty and self-determination intersect with federal and state systems. Tribal leaders must often negotiate for fair access to data and tools while protecting community control and privacy.
Nonprofits: Community-based organizations often bridge gaps, but without interoperable systems, they face added administrative strain and limited visibility into the full needs of the people they serve.
Interoperability means systems working together so people don’t get stuck in the middle.
Challenges
Interoperability is as much about governance and trust as it is about technology. Agencies must agree on shared standards, privacy protections, and accountability structures. Without careful design, interoperable systems risk reinforcing inequities, misusing data, or limiting the autonomy of communities—especially those historically underserved or surveilled.
What it signals
Done well, interoperability signals respect for the public’s time, dignity, and agency. It demonstrates stewardship of resources by reducing duplication. It reflects integrity by centering transparency and clarity. And it shows collective courage when institutions commit to breaking down silos for the public good.
Interoperability is just one piece of making government and nonprofits work better for people. Learn more about the systems we’re reimagining at Public Servants.
Explore more terms in our Civic Glossary to see how design and technology can strengthen public service.
